Climate and hazards
Mild Mediterranean coast, hilly interior with very hot summers (Florence among Italy's hottest cities) and cool winters, Apennines and Apuan Alps with snow and heavy rain. Arno floods (1966) and Florence plain floods (2023); seismic zone 2 in Mugello, Garfagnana, Lunigiana, Casentino and Amiata. Good air except the Florence-Prato-Lucca plain.
Sections: Seasons · Rainfall · Temperatures · Air quality · Environmental hazards
Coast, hills, mountains
The coast and the Archipelago have a Mediterranean climate with mild rainy winters and dry summers cooled by the mistral; the Maremma is the hottest and driest area. The hilly interior (Florence, Siena, Arezzo) has scorching summers, Florence often ranking among Italy's hottest cities because of its basin location, and cool winters with frost and morning fog in the Valdarno and Valdichiana. The Apennines and Apuan Alps are among the rainiest areas in Italy; Abetone and Garfagnana have snow from December to March.
Floods and seismicity
The Arno and its tributaries are the main flood risk: the flood of 4 November 1966 devastated Florence and Pisa; on 2 November 2023 Prato, Campi Bisenzio and the plain suffered serious flooding with fatalities, repeated in March 2025. Tuscany is seismic in its inland and Apennine areas: Mugello (1919), Garfagnana and Lunigiana (1920), Casentino, Valtiberina and Monte Amiata are in zone 2; Florence, Pisa and the coast in zones 3 and 4. The Region publishes the municipal classification and hazard maps.
Air
Air quality is good along the coast and in the hills; the Florence–Prato–Pistoia plain and the Lucca plain record winter PM10 exceedances (the Piana Lucchese appears among the areas with stations above the limit in the SNPA 2024 report), linked to traffic and wood heating. ARPAT publishes the data; plain municipalities activate winter measures on biomass heating.
Missing: temp_jan_avg, temp_jul_avg, rain_days_year, air_pm10_days_over_limit
Sources
Updated: 2026-10-14
Updated: 2026-10-14
Updated: 2026-10-14
Updated: 2026-10-14
Updated: 2026-10-14
Reviewed: 10/20/2026 · by piero.avolio · rev. 1 · Period: → 2027-10-31
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